What is defined as law created by courts through their rulings?

The correct answer is common law, which refers to legal principles that evolve through the decisions made by judges in court cases. When a judge makes a ruling on a case, that decision can set a precedent for future cases, meaning that similar cases might be decided in the same way. This body of law is developed over time through court interpretations and decisions, rather than being established by legislative statutes or regulations.

In contrast, statutory law refers to written laws passed by legislatures. Administrative law governs the rules and regulations created by government agencies. International law deals with regulations and agreements that exist between sovereign nations. Each of these areas has its own characteristics and development processes, distinct from the way common law is shaped through judicial decisions.