What is the primary distinction between civil and criminal cases?

The primary distinction between civil and criminal cases lies in their fundamental purpose and objectives. Civil cases are designed to resolve disputes between individuals or entities, focusing on enforcing rights and obligations. These disputes typically involve issues such as contracts, property, and family law. The outcome of a civil case often results in a remedy, such as monetary compensation or specific performance, rather than punitive measures.

In contrast, criminal cases are brought by the state or government against an individual accused of violating laws. The intention behind criminal cases is to maintain public order and safety, and they often involve the possibility of penalties such as imprisonment or fines.

The other choices provide context on aspects of civil and criminal cases, but they do not establish the core distinction. For instance, while it is true that some criminal cases can be tried by a jury, this is not a universal requirement, as many can also be resolved through bench trials. Additionally, the standard of proof in civil cases is "preponderance of the evidence," whereas the criminal law standard is "beyond a reasonable doubt." Finally, while criminal cases can involve financial penalties, they can also lead to imprisonment, countering the notion in one of the choices. Thus, the focus on enforcing rights and obligations encapsulates the